Impact Of Social Institutions On Caribbean Culture

Impact of Societal Institutions On Caribbean Culture and Society Objectives †¢ Gain a thorough understanding of the different social institutions: family, education, political systems †¢ Understand the main ideas of the Marxist and Functionalist perspectives †¢ Understand the Marxist and perspective on social institutions Functionalist Social Institutions †¢ Social Institutions are a fundamental part of the operations of society. They are the major organising framework in social life. Social institutions have evolved overtime and therefore embody what the society holds valuable in relation to family, education, religion, the justice system, the economy and health. †¢ Each social institution has functions that ensure the smooth working of†¦show more content†¦Such a perspective cannot accommodate the many diverse forms that exist in the region. However the idea of the â€Å"nuclear family† is still held as ideal. The Conflict Perspective on the Family †¢ The family is associated with exploitation, oppression and domination †¢ Nuclear families are seen as products of capitalism where labour has to move to where employment is located, leaving the extended family behind †¢ The employer can exploit workers effectively without this support network in place †¢ The oppressed worker in turn oppresses his wife and children †¢ The nuclear family therefore fits the agenda of the capitalist- sexual division of labour The assigning of roles through the institutional values associated with the family, has contributed to family oppression, abuse and violence which results in an unequal distribution of power that jeopardizes gender relations and even produces generational conflict. The Social Institution of Education †¢ Education as a social institutions contains our deep beliefs and values about what the young should know and how learning should take place †¢ Schooling is seen as the main route to becoming educated The Functionalist Perspective on Education †¢ Education is seen as an agent of â€Å"secondary† socialization in society. †¢ Schools are the main mechanism through which secondary socialization takes place. 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What You Are Being Bullied - 1176 Words

What To Do If You are Being Bullied I can’t be late! You’re running to class. I can’t be late! You think to yourself. You are so busing think of shortcuts to the school to get to class faster that you don’t see the gigantic black wall in your way. Thump! You hit the black wall so hard you go flying backwards. Then you realize it’s not a wall it’s a kid. A big kid. The school bully. â€Å"I’m so sorr-† you try to apologize but he cuts you off. â€Å"Hey nerd, WHY DID YOU RUN INTO ME YOU IDIOT? HUH? WHY? YOU OWN ME NOOGIES, SWIRLIES, AND LUNCH MONEY FOR THE REST OF THE YEAR! THAT WILL TEACH YOU TO NOT TO MESS WITH ME AGAIN!† He yells. Then he storms off. Bullying can happen anywhere anytime on anything. Now with more technology means it’s easier for†¦show more content†¦Concentrate on something else. Try thinking about what you’ll do next weekend, counting to 100, or planning your homework. Have a saying or a statement that you can repe at in your head when the bully approaches you to block out a sense of fear.† Here are some more ways to ignore the bully from wikihow.com â€Å"Act like you don t hear them speaking. Most bullying is emotional or verbal. If this happens, don t try to come up with a snappy retort. Ignore the scathing remarks that you want to say.Think of something else to ignore what they say. They will do anything to get a response out of you, but you have to act like you don t hear them. Try running through your favorite song, remembering your family s birthdays, or saying the alphabet backwards.† and â€Å"Keep any contact with them to a minimum. It s a nightmare if you have to spend time with them (for example if you are paired up in class, or if your moms are friends). In this case, make an excuse to get out of it, or talk to a superior. Tell your mom that you don t want to see him/her, or ask the teacher if you can change partners. Make sure that you explain why! You can even tal k to a guidance counselor about getting your schedule changed so your share little to no classes with them.† Even though you are being bullied it doesn’t mean you have to go through it alone, lean on your family, friends, and your loved ones for help, it will

Annotated Bibliography Classroom Management Free Essays

1. Pellegrino, A. (2010). We will write a custom essay sample on Annotated Bibliography Classroom Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Pre-service teachers and classroom authority. American Secondary Education, 38(3), 62-78. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com. wwwproxy0. library. unsw. edu. au/docview/722356586? accountid=12763 In this article Pellegrino examines the classroom practices of 5 preservice secondary school teachers, identifying the challenges faced in establishing their authority to create an effective learning environment. As a framework for his study, Pellegrino gives 3 basic origins of authority: Traditional, Legal/Rational and Charismatic authority. Of the three, he recommends student teachers aim to develop legal/rational authority as it is based on values, rules and procedures and is most conducive to modern views of learning. Pellegrino suggests classroom management is of paramount concern to most student teachers and the effective application of concepts, methodologies and strategies learned during their studies is often a struggle for them. With placement soon approaching, classroom management is undeniably one of my greatest concerns, hence the reason I chose to include this article. In gaining insight into the common errors made by student teachers during placement, I hope to avoid repeating these mistakes during my tenure. The findings from this article demonstrated that although participants did utilize the knowledge and skills learned from their studies they all returned to traditional and/or charismatic authority styled forms of classroom management. This was seen in the creation of teacher-oriented classrooms as well as many attempting to take on the role of the â€Å"cool† teacher, unfortunately to no avail. As a prospective high-school teacher, I am aware of the relatively small age-gap that is likely to exist between myself and my students. Pellegrino’s warning about the ease of which student teachers often establish charismatic authority, is something I will definitely keep in mind. Although easy to establish, this type of authority is based on irrational means and as observed in the study, is often fleeting. For the participants in this study, perhaps the most significant errors made were trying to emulate the management styles of their mentors and/or being inadequately prepared. From this I learned the importance of not only developing a well-structured and well thought-out management plan but one that I adhere to, can reflect upon and alter accordingly. 2. Gillies, R. Boyle, M. (2010). Teachers’ reflections on cooperative learning: Issues of implementation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 26(4), How to cite Annotated Bibliography Classroom Management, Papers

The Effect of Different Music Styles on Blood Pressure Essay Example For Students

The Effect of Different Music Styles on Blood Pressure Essay Claire Mouser and Garrett Swearing Written by: Claire Mouser written: 3/13/14 Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to inform teenagers about the effect different genres of music can have on your heart rate. The heart rates of teens are affected differently when they listen to rock versus classical music. The goal of this experiment was to find out whether teens heart rates would change while they listened to rock versus classical music. The step of the experiment was to have high school students get their heart rate once for sixty seconds without listening to any music. Their heart rate gave us the independent variable. The independent variable was the students resting heart rate before being exposed to either music. Each student then listened to classical music for 20 seconds without their heart rate being measured. After that their heart rate was taken again while they were still listening to the classical music for 60 more seconds. The steps were repeated with rock music to give us the difference in heart rate. The experiment showed us that while students Sistine to rock music their heart rates were higher than when they listened to classical music. The Effect of Different Music Styles on Blood Pressure By swimmers A normal heart rate for a teenager, age 15/16 is 70-100 beats per minute. Effects of music tempos on blood pressure, heart rate, and skin conductance after physical exertion; University of Wisconsin Madison; Lab 601, Group 10: Robin Armor, Adam Fisher, Brittany Goldberg, Caleb Milton) The experiment by the University of Wisconsin says that the effect of music on an individual is a frequently researched epic, especially in regards to emotional response, relaxation, and anxiety. One study found that while listening to a Mozart sonata, participants tension increased as tempo increased and decreased with moderate tempos. It is also suggested that music increases learning ability and memory. The increasing number of studies on the effects of music on emotion and memory have led to further research. It has been shown through other experiments that music can have varying effects on heart rate depending on what genre, tempo, or other factors are affecting it. It has been hon. that some music can lower heart rate while others can raise it. Elevated heart rate can lead to other illnesses such as tachycardia, a type of increased heart rate that can lead to heart failure, heart defects, and lung and heart diseases. This new knowledge, on heart rate and how it can relate to music, may be used to help patients with high heart rate or stress levels. Doctors can play calm, slower tempo music in hospitals and/ or rehabilitation centers so that patients heart rates will lower and they will stay more relaxed. Hypothesis Listening to music with a faster tempo will increase students heart rates above their jesting heart rate. Students heart rates will lower from their resting heart rate when they listened to slower tempo classical music. The independent variable being tested in this experiment is the resting heart rate of students before listening to any music. The dependent variable being tested in this experiment is the heart rate after listening to music. Material/Methods Materials: Logger Pro equipment, heart rate monitor, classical instrumental music, rock music, stop watch Methods: 1 . Set up Logger Pro for the heart rate monitor. 2. Set up the heart rate sensor on the subject. 3. Take the subjects resting heart rate. 4. Have the subject listen to classical music for 20 seconds. 5. .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 , .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .postImageUrl , .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 , .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:hover , .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:visited , .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:active { border:0!important; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:active , .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8 .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7ce4bf78c387ae24332737a60c6997c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Reflection to music and human body EssayStart measuring the subjects heart rate again for 60 seconds while still listening to the classical music. 6. Wait 30 seconds before beginning the next step. 7. Have the subject listen to rock music for 20 seconds. 8. Start measuring the subjects heart rate again for 60 seconds while still listening to the rock music. 9. Record the results, including the difference between the subjects heart rates from the resting heart rate to when they listened to the classical or rock music. 10. Repeat for each subject. All subjects showed drop in heart rate from listening to rock music to classical music. Sometimes the resting heart rate was higher than while the subject was listening to rock music. The data table below shows the subjects resting heart rate, their heart rate while listening to rock music, their heart rate while listening to classical music and the difference between their BPML from their resting to when they listened to classical versus rock music. The change in heart rate of students BPML= beats per minute Discussion/Analysis Previous research has shown that music can affect heart rate. Different music genres can cause heart rates to either increase or decrease. All five students heart rates increased while listening to the rock music with a faster tempo than the slower classical music. This supports the idea that music with a faster tempo causes heart rate to be higher than listening to slower music. The subjects mean heart rate increased an average of 4 beats per minute. There may have been confounding variables in this experiment leading to errors such as if the subject was bothered or comforted by the music due to other reasons, if the subject had been participating in there experiments causing their heart rate to act differently than normal or the low number of tests that we had done. This error could be eliminated by more subjects being used with additional trials on varying days in order to eliminate the possibility that different days could give varying results. Then an average heart rate increase for each person could be calculated. In addition, more experiments looking at different types of music could be done to see if it was the music style that was causing the increase in heart rate or if it was something else. Conclusion

Princeton Acceptance Essay Essays - , Term Papers

Princeton Acceptance Essay A creek is no place for shoes. I think it's unreasonable to ask such children to keep their shoes on in such a place. My bare feet were always covered with calluses from walking down the rough pavement of Pine Street and around the corner, past the tall oaks, but not as far as the Lindsay's squeaky old swing-set. It was hard to see from the road, and as far as I could tell, nobody ever went there, except for me. Large pines nearby stood tall and erect, looking down at the ripples and currents that nudged each other about playfully, like children in the back seat of a car on a long drive. Stones and pebbles lined the shallow bottom and allowed the water to glide in creative patterns over their smooth surfaces. Larger, moss covered rocks dotted the back and provided ideal spots for a child to sit around watch and wonder. The creek taught me things; it was my mentor. Once I discovered tadpoles in several of the many eddies and stagnant pools that lined the small rivulet. A cupped hand and a cleaned-out mayonnaise jar aided me in clumsily scooped up some of the more slothful individuals. With muddy hands and knees, I set them on the kitchen table and watched them on a daily basis as they developed into tiny frogs. I was fascinated by what was taking place before my eyes, but new questions constantly puzzled me. Dad was usually responsible for assuaging these curiosities. He told me about different kinds of metamorphosis and how other creatures lived in the water that I couldn't see without a fancy magnifying glass. By the creek, my mind was free to wonder. I remember sitting on a mossy rock and watching birds; I used to pretend I was one. As my body lay still, my imagination would take flight. High above, looking down on this stream from the pale blue heavens, the wind whistled over my face and the sun warmed my body. When my eyes flickered open, it was usually time to go home. Sometimes I even did. I was always up for a challenge. My neighbor and I used to jump from rock to rock in a kind of improvised hopscotch obstacle course that tested our balance and agility against one another. He was four years older and I had to practice every morning when he was at school. On the rare occasions that I outdid him, I wore a goofy smirk for the rest of the day. The creek was a frontier. The stream extended far into the depths of the woods. I thought that if I wondered too far into its darkness, I might be consumed by it and never heard from again. Gradually overcoming my fears, I embarked on expeditions and drafted extensive maps using my father's old compass, a sheet of paper, and a few colored pencils. As my body grew in height and weight, my boundaries grew in extent and breadth. Years later, I happened to be walking to a friend's house by way of the creek. It occurred to me that what was once an expedition was now merely a shortcut. Although I had left this stream behind, I found others: New questions and freedoms, new challenges and places to explore. But this creek would remain foremost in my memory, whatever stream, river, or ocean I might wade. Acceptance Essays

The eNotes Blog Resumes The Struggle isReal

Resumes The Struggle isReal How is it that as students no one ever really teaches us to write resumes? There are so few opportunities to hone this skill as a young adult or adolescent. I know the only reason I’ve been able to practice this skill is because my dad has always been very pro-active about equipping me with the career-oriented skills needed to be successful. Now that I’m a college student living two states away, getting his advice has become a little more tricky, so naturally I turned to the only place I knew I could get reliable and up to date information quickly, the web. With so many websites and apps available to advise people on career oriented techniques and information, it took no time at all to identify what today’s evolving economy calls for in terms of resumes. The days of resumes with stiff, formal language and generic formatting are long gone. Future employers want to know you, not just your education and experience. Today’s resumes are all about showcasing your talents and skills and demonstrating why you’ll be advantageous to the company in question. Here are five tips on how best to market yourself through your resume 1. Use active language when describing your past experience or positions. Be as descriptive as possible. Were you a cashier at a local store? Talk about the experience you gained in customer service and human resources. Don’t simply say, â€Å"assisted customers by ringing them up.† So dull. Instead say, â€Å"formed close connections with regular customers, enriching their experience at the store and overall contributing to a strong company identity by emphasizing great customer service.† This language can help a future employer see that you gained legitimate experience through this position. 2. Emphasize your relevant coursework and your outside-of-the-classroom experience. This is something that is so frequently overlooked when creating a resume. As a college or high school student you are bound to have encountered class projects that demand real world career skills. My freshman year of college I took an entry level political science class that required the class to work on all aspects of an event and participate in all areas of citizenship. I went door-to-door with fliers, gathered signatures, worked in coalition with a local non-profit, advertised an event, and successfully executed a community service event with the help of my class. All of these skills are marketable and valuable. If you’ve ever had a class with this sort of real world application, use it to your advantage. Future employers will be impressed that you’ve taken advantage of the educational experiences you’ve had. 3. Customize, customize, customize! There’s nothing worse than submitting a catchall resume with nothing tailored to the position you’re applying for. Only include what is relevant to the job. Look at the job description or title and then look at your composite list of experiences and pick and choose what you think they’ll want to see. You may also choose to leave out certain pieces of a job summary in order to make it more relevant to the position. My suggestion is to make one giant resume with all of your work experience, education, extracurriculars, and skills and then pick and choose and copy/paste to formulate the perfect resume for the specific position. A great tool for this is the Levo Resume app, it streamlines the resume creation process in an aesthetically pleasing way. 4. Tell a story. Your resume should read like a narrative, i.e, I began here, got this experience, moved onto here, got that experience, etc. By the time the employer is done reading this they should be able to have a comprehensive view of you, and the direction you’re going. There’s really no trick to this, and it may seem pretty self explanatory, but by visualizing your resume as a story you may be able to have greater insight into the way you should physically format your information. Start with your most recent experience and work backwards. It should seem like a timeline on Facebook. You’re the main character and all of your experience is helping to develop you. A quick tip to jumpstart this, sit down and try to write two concise sentences that summarize your resume. Start with who you are, what experience you have, and the direction you wish to go. This will create a concise vision for you, and once you’ve worked to narrow down all you’ve done to two sentences , only the truly pertinent stuff will remain. 5.   Be concise. Try not to go over a page in length. This is tried and true when it comes to resumes. Recruiters and employers are frequently flooded with resumes and applications and would rather not be forced to flip the page. Great, you have a lot of experience, but do they really need to read about every last job you have had? The answer is no. As I’ve mentioned in some of the sections above, they really just want to see what is most applicable to the position they’re hiring for. I recognize that not everyone will have a lot of job experience in the specific field they’re looking for work in, but look for other ways to market yourself, perhaps through your skills and hobbies. Finally, do the 10 second scan test; do you have buzzwords for the position’s description? Does your expertise and experience give a concise perspective on what you can offer? This information should be so obvious on your resume that any person could get it in 10 seconds. Need more help with creating an eye-catching resume or cover letter? has you covered. Check out these helpful QA from our experts! Whats the difference between a cover letter and a resume? What do I need to do to draft a cover letter and resume? How do I write  a good cover letter for a job application? Plus more writing help available in Essay Lab. Ask us a question for free through our iOS app today!

Environmental Impact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Environmental Impact - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in making the judgments on the various broad impacts identified in the preceding section, it was considered that two major impacts – that on human beings and on the flora and fauna – were of equal importance: the first, because of their direct impact on humans at present, and the second, because of their protracted impact well into the future that will affect succeeding generations of humans and the ecology and biosphere of the broader environment. The significance criteria employed in the following discussions were adapted from the United Nations University EIA Significance Criteria. The subsequent explanation based on the criteria, the mitigation measures, and the residual impacts follow thereafter. a. Effects on human beings, buildings and man-made features Significance Criteria 1) Disturbance to human settlements 2) Adverse effects on safety 3) Adverse effects on human health 4) Loss of areas or environmental components that have cultural , recreational or aesthetic value; 5) Disturbance to economic activities 6) Increase in ambient and peak noise levels. Disturbance to human settlements Traffic is expected to increase significantly in five major areas, but there currently is a good amenity for the Gipsy Lane (180% increase in traffic) while Thurmaston Lane (105% increase) passes through the industrial environment. Sandhills Avenue, where traffic is expected to increase most (695% increase) has good amenity with adjoining free space which may later be factored in to accommodate the increase in traffic. For these three areas, and therefore the negative impact is not expected to be substantial.

The mans effect on environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The mans effect on environment - Essay Example The man’s effect on environment This would restore the natural habitat of salmon, estuary and beaches because the nutrient rich sediments will flow downstream. It will prevent erosion and also would enhance the natural eco – system. In the case of water flow in Florida and the people can be affected by such projects. However, people need to take precedence for environment restoration because a responsible and intelligent we have the obligation to protect and preserve nature. If at all any destruction is caused to nature despite of the agent causing it we have the responsibility to take action to protect nature. My estimated greenhouse gas emissions are 15Â  tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalents per year, which is below the U.S. national average. In order to limit our impact on environment we should use energy only for need basis. The lighting in the house needs to be efficient. The diet should contain less of meat products. It is essential to use less of vehicles for movement and the recycle products as much as possible. I need to use more organic food and should resort to vegetables and fruits. I need to switch to solar panels for fuel needs. One of the invasive species which is threatening is zebra mussels. It is a problem both in Unites States and Europe. Zebra mussel is a small fresh water mussel and was native to Southern. Russia. This species was introduced to many regions in West in unknown incidents. They are small in size and as they disrupt the ecosystem they are tagged as an Invasive species.

Providing care with limited reimbursement Coursework

Providing care with limited reimbursement - Coursework Example The number of patients visited weekly will reduce causing some who solely depend on the services of the health agency to suffer. A compromise in the services rendered to the customers may dent the image of the home health agency and lead to mistrust from patients. In such a case, there may be a mass exodus of patients from the organization derailing its operations. When the number of clients decline, the organization will receive less funding from the government. Allocation of fewer funds to the organization will paralyze operations, as there will be little finance to cater for salaries and allowance of the health professionals. The organization will experience shortage of personnel occasioned by inadequate funds arising from reduced government funding. The home health agency will adopt strategies that to enable it recover the lost revenue used to take care of the old patient. Increasing patients’ number receiving care services through the health agency will help bridge the gap in cost of service delivery. Government funding is directly proportional to the number of patients under care of the health agency. The sure way of ensuring a rise for cash availed to the agency by the government is solely increase in patient number. Consequent increased government allocation avails more funds to the agency that is indispensable to service delivery and income generation. The health agency will be in a better position to take proper care of its patients and cater for allowances and salaries for the staff. Mobilization of more patients is through carrying out public relations. In order to limit the cost of visiting patients, the personnel in charge will adopt application of public transport rather than private cars. Public transport systems are relatively cheap compared to the use of private means. In most circumstances, private cars have higher economic social class definition and would consequently demand more finances. In situations where the

History of the Development of Impedance Cardiography (ICG)

History of the Development of Impedance Cardiography (ICG) Review the history of the development of impedance cardiography (ICG) from its theoretical base and direct applications for non-invasive measurement of cardiac output, to its most recent applications in assisting CPR, in rate responsive pacemakers and its potential application in automatic electrical defibrillators (AEDs). Impedance Cardiology often called ICG, is a measure of change across the thoracic region of the body over the cardiac cycle. If there is high fluid volume and blood flow, a low impedance across the region is calculated. Impedance Cardiology is also used to measure blood flow in major vessels of the cardiac region from which stroke volume is obtained. A change of impedance can be useful in calculating stroke volume, cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance due to the fluid volume changing with every heart beat. Cardiac Output (CO) along with the concentration of haemoglobin and arterial oxygen saturation are the cornerstones in the movement of oxygen. Cardiac output can be used to confirm the usefulness of treatment or if treatment is required as it analyses the functional performance of the cardiovascular system. The measurement of cardiac output is important in cardiothoracic surgery. There are several different methods for calculating the cardiac output. Firstly there is invasive methods that are quite accurate however the use of these methods are usually limited to intensive care units. While using invasive techniques the loss of blood, risk of infection and other complications are usually a matter of concern which leads to a alternative method, that being a non-invasive technique. For example Impedance Cardiology (ICG) is a method that is used quite often as it is easily used, provides a continuous reading of the cardiac output measured and has a better accuracy than that of other non- invasive techniques that are available. Impedance Cardiology involves applying a current field across the thorax using a constant magnitude, high frequency and a low amplitude alternating current.  ¹ Bio-impedance is a non-invasive technique where the stroke volume is estimated based on the changing of impedance that occurs in the human arterial system during the cardiac cycle due to the constant change of blood volume. Cardiac output is a lot easier to measure by impedance cardiology compared to thermo dilution with a catheter interested in the pulmonary artery, as it can be applied quickly and easily. It also does not cause risk of blood loss, other complications or infection that would be carried with the arterial catheters. Invasive methods cannot monitor the cardiac output continuously whereas ICG will. Non-invasive techniques are the solution to all these problems. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate. Stroke volume is the volume of blood that is pumped by the heart during every cardiac cycle. This means that measuring the differences in impedance gives an estimate of the changes in stroke volume. ¹ The American Heart Association (AHA) resuscitation guidelines stated the chest compressions are the main source of effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A number of feedback devices have been developed to try to improve the efficiency of chest compressions, all of which improved guideline complaint CPR but did not improve the patients outcome. The ICG provides a non-invasive measure of the hemodynamic status of the body and is being investigated as another method of helping to improve CPR. This led to a study being set up Heartsine Technologies to investigate whether there was any relationship between compression depth, thrust and ICG amplitude during CPR. This also let a correlation between these to be established. The impedance cardiogram was recorded using 2 electrodes from defibrillation pads. The compression depth (cm), compression thrust (kg), end-tidal CO2 (kPa), systolic blood pressure (mmHg), carotid flow (ml/min) and cardiac output (L/min) were all measured at two minute intervals for each model (13 porcine models in total).  ² The results of the study showed that there is a strong correlation between the correlations achieved with compression depth, compression thrust and between ICG amplitude. The table below shows the results obtained in the study and shows the correlation between the three: The ICG measurement provides another measurement of CPR efficiency with physiological effects that are compared to chest compression depth and chest compression thrust. The results show that the ICG measurement could be used in the development of CPR feedback algorithms for AEDs (automated electrical defibrillators).  ² Improved impedance cardiogram measurement and recording methods have enabled their use in critical care of patients. Cromie reported that the use of both ICG recordings from two defibrillator pads , which is used to overcome the awkward application of using multiple electrodes and frequency analysis of the calculated derivative of the impedance signal (dZ/dt) which also provides information about circulatory arrest that occurs in the porcine model.  ³ He then reported an algorithm that was based on the ICG using the peak magnitude in a frequency range for detecting cardiac arrest. It was brought about that the frequency analysis by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in public access defibrillators (PAD) and automated electrical defibrillators (AEDs) would compromise its processing capabilities and the use of integer filters to calculate the frequency components was proposed. An algorithm that was only based on the impedance cardiogram that had been recorded through the use of two defibrillator pads, by using the strongest frequency and amplitude, could lead to a decrease in beginning CPR and could determine the circulatory arrest. Integer filters were used to analyse the frequency of the impedance cardiogram signal. Filters are lighter, simpler and a lot more adaptable when it comes to comparing with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). This approach is more desirable as it limits the processing abilities of the devices that could compromise usability of the FFT, even though the approach is less accurate. The two techniques were compared with one another using 13 cases of cardiac arrest and 6 of normal controls. The best filters were used on this set and an algorithm that detects cardiac arrest was tested on a much wider set of data. The algorithm was then tested on a validation set and the ICG was recorded. It was tested on 132 cardiac arrest patients and 97 c ontrols. The results indicated that cardiac arrest using the algorithm had a sensitivity average of 81.1% with the samples ranging from 77.6-84.3%. The specificity of the validation set was 97.1% with the samples ranging from 96.7-97.4% at a 95% confidence limit. These results show that automated defibrillators with impedance cardiogram analysis has the potential to improve emergency care by enabling non qualified persons to carry out appropriate CPR and it can also improve the detection of cardiac arrest when the algorithm is combined with ECG analysis. ³ He then reported an algorithm that was based on the ICG using the peak magnitude in a frequency range for detecting cardiac arrest. It was brought about that the frequency analysis by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in public access defibrillators (PAD) and automated electrical defibrillators (AEDs) would compromise its processing capabilities and the use of integer filters to calculate the frequency components was proposed. The results of the frequency spectrum of the first order derivative of the impedance cardiogram (dZ/dt) recorded using the two defibrillator pads can be used as a marker to calculate circulatory collapse. The results obtained provide tools for the development of applications for the use of impedance cardiograms in defibrillators in emergency clinical practice. Automatic Electrical Defibrillators are available in public areas along with trained rescuers. AEDs that recognise circulatory arrest use a hemodynamic sensor together with algorithms based on ECGs, would aid in the management of collapsed patients where accurate, quick and critical decisions must be made.  ³

A computer system consists of hardware and software. :: Computer Science

A computer system consists of hardware and software. A computer system consists of hardware and software. Hardwareis the equipment, which makes up the computer system. Hardware consists of: - Input devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick - The Central Processing Unit (CPU) - Output devices such as a printer, monitor, graph plotter - Backing storage devices such as disc drive, hard drive - Media such as discs, tapes, paper etc There is hardware that I used is:  · Mouse  · Keyboard  · Printer  · Monitor A tracker ball mouse ==================== A tracker ball mouse is an input device and similar to a mouse but the ball is set into a cup on the top of the unit. A finger or, on larger tracker balls the palm of the hand, is used to roll the ball in any direction. The ball controls the movement of the pointer on the screen. Buttons on the tracker ball work in the same way as mouse butons to activate processes on the screen. My alternative of using a mouse with a tracker ball would be a mouse without a tracker ball. Benefit: ======== * A tracker ball does not require a large flat surface. Drawbacks: ========== * Most people find them a bit fiddly * Not accurate * Not quiet ALTERNATIVE: Mouse without a tracker ball ========================================= The pointer on the monitor screen mirrors the movement of the mouse by the user's hand. Under the mouse is a ball, which rolls as the mouse is moved. This movement of he ball causes two shafts to rotate inside the mouse; one shaft records the movement in the north-south direction and the other shaft records the east-west movement. When the screen pointer is over a0n icon or menu selection, the mouse button can be clicked, double clicked or dragged to activate a process. Some mice have a small wheel as well as the buttons. The function of the wheel depends on the software being used on the computer; in a document, it can allow the user to scroll up and down; in a desktop publishing package, it might enable the user to zoom in and out of the page. Over a period of time, the performance of the mouse can deteriorate as the ball and shafts collect dust and dirt. Some modern mice use a light beam and detector to register movements instead off the mouse ball. Many mice now use infrared or wireless links to the computer, which removes the need to have a connecting cable. Benefit: ======== * It is easy and convenient to use * It is inexpensive * Most modern software includes an option to use it. * It selects a position on the screen more quickly than is possible

The Battle for the Campaign Agenda in Britain

The 1997 election was a struggle, not just for votes, but also to control the campaign agenda. Significant, but contradictory, challenges faced the media, parties and the public. For journalists, the problem was how to engender any zip into the campaign. Ever since Black Wednesday, in September 1992, Labour had seemed assured of victory while Conservative support floundered in the doldrums. For five years, perhaps it just seemed like longer, pundits had been writing of the end of the Conservative era, bolstered by all the accumulated evidence from opinion polls, by-elections and local elections. By the start of the six-week official campaign, the horse-race story was almost lifeless. Moreover, to the dismay of leader-writers, commentators and columnists, Blair's strategic shift towards the centre-left had removed much of the drama of serious policy conflicts between the major parties. Few issues remained where one could discern clear blue water between Labour and the Conservatives – devolution and constitutional reform, perhaps the faint ghost of trade union rights and spending priorities – but on so much the contest was a classic case of an echo not a choice. Lastly, at the outset the campaign promised tight party control, in as gaffe-free an environment as could be humanly managed. At the start the Labour party seemed insecure and sweaty despite its enormous lead in the polls, and the professional andelson machine at Millbank Tower left almost nothing to chance, as though the souffle of support might suddenly collapse. Based on their formidable track-record during the 1980s, the Conservatives had a reputation for running highly professional campaigns. Given the palpable sense of public boredom and impatience, a feeling of oh-do-lets-get-on-with-it, the challenge for journalists was to find something fresh and interesting to hold the attention of their readers and viewers. During the six week campaign there was, on average, about ten hours of regular BBC and ITN television news and current affairs programmes every weekday1, not including election specials, nor Sky News, CNN, Radio 4, Five Live, newspapers and magazines, the internet election web pages, and all the other plethora of media outlets. Something had to fill the ravenous news hole. For the public, the primary urge seemed to be to get it all over with. But voters also needed to make sense of the choice before them, when policy differences between the parties had shaded from the red-and-blue days of Thatcher v. Foot to a middle of the road wishy-washy mauve. Many issues confronting voters were complex, technical and subtle, with no easy answers: what will happen to the economy if Britain enters, or stays out, of the ERM? How can the peace process move ahead in Northern Ireland, given the intractability of all sides? Can Britain afford an effective and comprehensive health service, given ever-increasing demands on the system and spending limits accepted by all parties? These, and related, issues facing Britain have critical consequences for the lives of citizens, but they admit of no simple sound-bite panaceas. The needs of the news media and the public were at odds with those of the parties. Given their lead, the primary challenge for Labour was to manage their media environment against unexpected crises, in play-safe reactive mode. The watchword was control. Memories of the polling fiasco in 1992, and Neil Kinnock's false expectation of victory in that campaign (â€Å"We're allright! â€Å"), dominated strategy in 1997. The challenge for the Conservatives was to staunch grassroots morale, and even build momentum, by emphasising the positive economic performance of the government, by reassuring voters to trust Prime Minister John Major against the inexperienced and unknown Tony Blair, and by attacking Labour on the old bugaboos of taxes and trade unions. To gain traction the Conservatives had to take more risks than Labour. The challenge facing all the minor parties, but particularly the Liberal Democrats, was to avoid being squeezed by Labour's smothering slither centre-left. Who won? The aim of this chapter is to examine this battle and evaluate the outcome. The first section sets out the long-term context by considering how campaigning has been transformed in the post-war era. The 1997 election represented another critical step, it can be argued, in the transition to the post-modern campaign in Britain, — characterised by partisan dealignment in the press, growing fragmentation in the electronic media, and strategic communications in parties. The second section goes on to analyse what was covered in the national press and television during the campaign, and whether this suggests Labour won the battle of the campaign agenda, as well as the election. Lastly, we consider how the public reacted to the coverage, whether they felt that journalists generated interesting, fair and informative coverage, and the implications of this analysis for the struggle over campaign communications. The Evolution of the Post-Modern Campaign Modernisation theory suggests that during the post-war era the political communication process has been transformed by the decline of direct linkages between citizens and parties, and the rise of mediated relationships. Swanson and Mancini argue that similar, although not identical, developments are recognisable across industrialised democracies2. In the earliest stage, the premodern campaign in Britain was characterised by the predominance of the partisan press; a loose organizational network of grassroots party volunteers in local constituencies; and a short, ad-hoc national campaign run by the party leader with a few close advisers. This period of campaigning gradually evolved in the mid-nineteenth century following the development of mass party organizations registering and mobilising the newly enfranchised electorate. Despite the introduction of wireless broadcasting in 1922, this pattern was maintained in largely identifiable form until the late fifties3. The critical watershed came in 1959, with the first television coverage of a British general election, symbolising the transition to the next stage. The evolution of the modern campaign was marked by a shift in the central location of election communications, from newspapers towards television, from the constituency grassroots to the party leadership, and from amateurs towards professionals. The press entered an era of long-term decline: circulation of national newspapers peaked in the late fifties and sales have subsequently dropped by one-third (see Figure 1). The fall was sharpest among tabloids, pushing these further downmarket in the search for readers4. This fierce competition transformed the nature of the British press, producing growing sensationalism, and more journalism with attitude, while changes in ownership ratcheted the partisan balance further in the Conservative direction. One major factor contributing towards declining circulation was the rise of television. The political effects of this new technology were strongly mediated by the regulations governing broadcasting in each country. In Britain the legal framework for the BBC/ITV duopoly was suffused by a strong public service ethos which required broadcasters to maintain ‘party balance' and impartiality in news coverage, to ‘inform, educate and entertain' according to high standards, and to provide an agreed allocation of unpaid airtime to arty political broadcasts5. Within this familiar context, television centralised the campaign, and thereby increased the influence of the party leaders: what appeared on BBC1's flagship 9 O'clock News and ITN's News at Ten, and related news and current affairs studios, was the principle means by which politicians reached the vast majority of voters. To work effectively within this environment parties developed a coordinated national campaign with professional communications by specialists skilled in advertising, marketing, and polling. The ‘long campaign' in the year or so before polling day became as important strategically as the short ‘official' campaign. These changes did not occur overnight, nor did they displace grassroots constituency activity, as the timeless ritual of canvassing and leafletting continued. A few trusted experts in polling and political marketing became influential during the campaign in each party, such as Maurice Saatchi, Tim Bell and Gordon Reece in Conservative Central Office, but this role remained as part-time outside advisors, not integral to the process of government, nor even to campaigning which was still run by politicians. Unlike in the United States, no political marketing industry developed, in large part because the only major clients were the Labour and Conservative party leaderships: the minor parties had limited resources, while parliamentary candidates ran retail campaigns based on shoe-leather and grassroots helpers. But the net effect of television during the era of modernisation was to shift the primary focus of the campaign from the ad-hoccery of unpaid volunteers and local candidates towards the central party leadership flanked by paid, although not necessarily full-time, professionals6. Lastly in the late twentieth century Britain seems to have been experiencing the rise of the post-modern campaign, although there remains room for dispute in the interpretation of the central features of this development and its consequences. The most identifiable characteristics, evident in the 1997 campaign, include the emergence of a more autonomous, and less partisan, press following its own ‘media logic'; the growing fragmentation and diversification of electronic media outlets, programmes and audiences; and, in reaction to these developments, the attempt by parties to reassert control through strategic communications and media management during the permanent campaign. Partisan Dealignment in the Press In the post-war period parties have had long-standing and stable links with the press. In 1945 there was a rough partisan balance with about 6. 7 million readers of pro-Conservative papers and 4. 4 million readers of pro-Labour papers. This balance shifted decisively in the early 1970s, with the transformation of the left-leaning Daily Herald into the pro-Conservative Sun, and the more aggressively right-wing tone of The Times, both under Rupert Murdoch's ownership. By 1992 the cards had become overwhelmingly stacked against the left, since the circulation of the Conservative-leaning press had risen to about 8. 7 million compared with only 3. million for Labour-leaning papers (see Figure 1). Throughout the 1980s Mrs Thatcher could campaign assured of a largely sympathetic press, which provided a loyal platform to get her message across7. One of the most striking developments of recent years has been the crumbling of these traditional press-party loyalties. The evidence comes partly from editorial policy. The Conservative press had started to turn against Mrs Thatcher in 1989-90, when the economy was in recession and her leadership became deeply unpopular, and this constant barrage of criticism probably contributed towards her eventual demise8. During the 1992 election, while the Sun and the Daily Express continued to beat the Tory drum, comment from some of the other pro-Conservative press like the Mail and The Sunday Times was more muted, and four out of eleven daily papers failed to endorse a single party9. The new government enjoyed a brief respite on returning to office but press criticism of John Major's leadership deepened following the ERM debacle on 16th September 1992, with only the Daily Express staying loyal. Journalists continued to highlight the government's difficulties over Europe, and internal splits over the debate on the Maastricht Treaty. By the winter of 1993, a succession of scandals involving Conservative politicians created headline news while editorials regularly denunciated the government, and particularly the Prime Minister. By the time of the July 1995 leadership challenge only the Daily Express backed John Major solidly, while the Sun, the Mail, The Times and the Telegraph all argued that it was time for him to be replaced10, an embarrassment for their leader writers given the outcome. The question, in the long run-up to the election, was whether the Tory press would return home, once the future of the Conservative government was under real threat. In the event, the 1997 election represents a historic watershed. In a major break with tradition, six out of ten national dailies, and five out of nine Sundays, endorsed the Labour party in their final editorials (see Table 1). This was twice the highest number previously, and it reversed the long-standing pro-Conservative leanings in the national press. With impeccable timing, the Sun led the way on the first day of the campaign, (THE SUN BACKS BLAIR), with a frontpage claiming Blair is a â€Å"breath of fresh air† while the Conservatives were â€Å"tired, divided and rudderless†, and its defection stole the headlines and damaged Tory morale. This change of heart came after assiduous efforts by Labour to court press support, including meetings between Blair and Rupert Murdoch, especially Blair's visit to Australia in 1995. roughout the campaign the Sun, with ten million readers a day, provided largely unswerving support for Blair, although opposing Labour policy on Europe and the unions, and many commentators predicted that the switch, based on Murdoch's commercial considerations rather than political affinities, would not last long11. Labour's traditional tabloid, the Daily Mirror, with six million readers, continued its brand of centre-left journalism (â€Å"the paper for Labour's TRUE supporters†). On the las t Sunday of the campaign, influenced by Murdoch, The News of the World decided to follow the lead of its sister paper, the Sun, and backed Labour. Among the broadsheets The Guardian called for tactical voting for the Liberal Democrats in seats where it made sense, but broadly endorsed Labour. The Independent was more restrained in its backing, casting its editorial vote for Labour â€Å"with a degree of optimism that is not entirely justified by the evidence†. The paper was clearly more anti-Tory than pro-anything. The Times advised their readers to back Eurosceptic candidates from whatever party, although, in practice, nearly all were Conservatives. Only leads in the Daily Telegraph, and the Daily Mail (â€Å"Labour bully boys are back† â€Å"Labour's broken promises†) remained strongly in the Tory camp. Even the Daily Express was more neutral than in the past: a double-page spread was divided between Lord Hollick, its chief executive, arguing for Labour and its chairman, Lord Stevens, arguing for the Conservatives. The front-page of the election-eve Mail carried a colourful Union Jack border and the apocalyptic warning that a Labour victory could â€Å"undo 1,000 years of our nation's history†. Yet any comparison of editorial policy probably under-estimates the balance of partisanship in news coverage during the overall campaign. For example, the Mail ostensibly endorsed the Conservatives during the campaign, but in practice it probably deeply damaged the government by headlining sexual scandals in the party, and reinforcing images of disunity with leading articles highlighting the number of Tory Eurosceptics. With friends like this, the Conservatives did not need opponents. To understand this we need to go beyond the leaders, which are rarely read, and even less heeded, to examine the broader pattern of front-page stories. The most plausible evidence for dealignment is that certain papers like the Sun, traditionally pro-Conservative, switched camps, but also that front-page stories were often so similar across all the press, driven by news values irrespective of the paper's ostensible partisanship. Since the early 1970s fierce competition for readers has encouraged far more sensational coverage in the popular press, fuelling an endless diet of stories about ‘scandals', (mostly sexual but also financial), infotainment, and the Royals, preferably all three. This process started when Rupert Murdoch bought the News of the World in 1968, and the Sun a year later. It accelerated in the cut-throat competition produced by the launch of the Daily Star in 1978, which sought to out-do the Sun in its relentless search for sex, investigative ‘exclusives' about celebrities, violent crime, and graphic coverage of the bizzare. Those who thought British newspapers had reached their nadir at this point had under-estimated the soft-porn Sunday Sport, launched in 198612. The tackiness of the popular press, such as their exhaustive gossip about the goings-on of the younger Royals, gradually infected and corroded the news culture of the broadsheets as well. By the mid-1990s, the journalism of scandal trumped party loyalties, hands down. This fuelled the series of sleaze stories about senior Conservative politicians hroughout John Major's years in government, and there was no let-up during the campaign. As documented in detail later, the first two weeks of the election were dominated by a succession of stories about corruption in public life and sexual ‘scandals', providing a steady diet of negative news for the government which swamped their message about the economy.

Word Choice Cite vs. Site

Word Choice Cite vs. Site Word Choice: Cite vs. Site It can be difficult to pick the right words all the time, especially since terms like cite and site sound very similar. However, using correct terminology can gain you valuable marks on your papers, so it is worth learning about easily confused words. Cite (Quote or Reference) The term cite is very important in academic circles, as it means reference: Citing sources clearly is a fundamental part of academic writing. When you quote another authors work, or even paraphrase their ideas, you will need to cite the work you are referring to. Less formally, cite can simply mean to mention in support of something. For instance: Hamish argued that the Scottish are clearly smarter than the English, citing several examples of prominent Scottish inventors. Site (A Place or Position) The term site is mostly used to refer to locations, meaning place or position. As such, you may talk about the site of a house or hospital. You can also use it as a verb, such as if you are discussing where to site a building. Of course, these days site can also be short for website. This is similar to the original meaning of site given above, but refers to the location of a page on the internet, rather than a physical location. Cite or Site? Since cite and site have such different meanings, the main trick is remembering how each one is spelled: Cite (with a c) = Quote or reference something Site (with an s) = The location or position of something Proofreading It can be difficult to spot mistakes like those above, especially when you have been working on a piece of writing for a long time. So why not send it to the professionals at Proofed? We will check your paper for errors and send back a copy showing the changes made, along with helpful comments to help you improve your work.

Claritas CFA Exam Essays

Claritas CFA Exam Essays Claritas CFA Exam Essay Claritas CFA Exam Essay PROFESSIONALISM AT EVERY LEVEL Among the countless finance degrees around the world, the Chartered Financial Analyst qualification has become the gold standard. Financial Times, 13 August 2010 Professionalism at Every Level the [emailprotected] charter Having the right employees in place is key to ensuring success. As the global marketplace becomes increasingly competitive, employers are using the CFA charter to identify the most qualified Job applicants and the most committed employees. The building blocks of the CFA charter are firmly grounded in the CFA Program curriculum, a comprehensive framework of concepts that CFA charterholders will use at all stages of their careers and in many areas of specialization. The curriculum evolves each year to include new tools, ideas, and concepts that reflect the dynamic and complex nature of the global finance profession. The custom curriculum is based on an extensive and ongoing global practice-analysis process that relies on input, discussions, surveys, and reviews from thousands of active practitioners and CFA charterholders. Charterholders stand out from the crowd because they have demonstrated that they have tenacity and are able to go through a rigorous program nd study hard: it shows a certain type of personality that definitely performs well. Peter Jakobus, CFA Senior Manager Ernst Young Frankfurt, GERMANY 2 www. cfainstitute. rg curriculum topic breakdown by exam level PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT AND WEALTH PLANNING EQUITY INVESTMENTS FINANCIAL REPORTING AND ANALYSIS FIXED-INCOME INVESTMENTS ETHICAL AND PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS DERIVATIVES ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS QUANTITATIVE METHODS CORPORATE FINANCE ECONOMICS Level I Level II Level Ill Hong Kong, CHINA 3 Exceed Expectations Hire a CFA Charterholder Since its introduction, the Chartered Financial [emailprotected] (CFA) charter has become one of the most respected and recognized professional credentials in the world. Earning the CFA charter demonstrates a mastery of the analytic and decision-making skills needed in todays fast-evolving and competitive workplace. In addition, by pledging to uphold the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct, CFA charterholders commit to the highest standards of professional excellence. The CFA designation is a mark of distinction that is globally recognized by employers as well as a host of other organizations. Regulatory bodies in many countries recognize he CFA designation as a proxy for meeting certain licensing requirements. More than 125 distinguished colleges and universities around the world have incorporated a majority of the CFA Program curriculum into their own courses. The CFA Program has been benchmarked as being comparable to masters degree levels in finance in the United Kingdom. Professional ethics is one of the most important traits that global employers look for when they are hiring. Dr. Bruce wonti Lee, CFA President and CEO Allianz Global Investors Korea Limited Seoul, SOUTH KOREA 4 5 access ability and experience The cfa charterholder A charterholder exhibits professional characteristics and career traits that meet employer needs, regardless of the specialization or field. CFA Institute has a variety of resources to assist interested employers with finding highly qualified candidates: A CFA charterholder is: Jobline: A targeted, online employment search tool for Job seekers and employers (www. fainstitute. org/HireCFA). Credible: Has demonstrated a mastery of a comprehensive body of knowledge, fulfilled four years of on-the-Job experience, and adheres to a code of ethics. Committed: Has dedicated 300 hours of study to ach of three levels of rigorous examinations. l Current: Has access to continuing education and lifelong learning resources. Connected: Is a member of a network of more than 100,000 investment professionals in more than 100 countries. Based on the Ju ne 2011 Post-Exam Candidate Survey. CFA Institute Research Challenge: As sponsors, employers gain access to the best and brightest university students competing in a global equity research challenge. Local Societies: CFA member societies support the mission of CFA Institute around the globe by maintaining Job boards, hosting networking events, and supporting continuing ducation. CFA charterholders are experienced, well-rounded, and versatile professionals, and the breadth of knowledge gained from completion of the CFA Program has applications across the investment industry and around the world. harterholder experience Portfolio Managers 22% charterholder occupations 5 Years or Less 24% 6-10 Years Research Analysts Chief Executives 11-15 years Consultants 16-20 years Risk Managers More than 20 Years 17% 29% Not Applicable 4% Relationship Managers, Sales Marketing Financial Advisers 7% Corporate Financial Analysts Investment Banking Analysts Other ex. rader, auditor, broker, academic charterholder Locale 2% 2011 candidate locale 65% North America Europe Asia Pacific Africa Middle East Latin America Caribbean 15% 33% 43% Data are based on self-reported demographic and employment data as of 1 August 2011. Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding. www. cfainstitute. org 7 Promote Professional Excellence Encourage Enrollment and Support Candidates Both employers and employees recognize the value and benefits of the CFA designation. In addition to hiring charterholders, many firms encourage staff members to pursue the charter and support them in their studies. There is no one way to help candidates prepare for the CFA exams, and candidate management will differ across firms and business areas. As you create your employee development programs, you may find it helpful to know that some CFA candidates receive benefits from their employers. l Some of these benefits include: Paid study leave Reimbursement of enrollment, registration, and prep-provider fees Offer of a bonus payment for passing the exams and earning the charter Internal study groups Mentoring programs The person who interviewed me at my firm is a charterholder, and my direct boss is also a harterholder, so they know the effort that was put in, the knowledge gained, and the edge that it gives you. Rana Atallah, CFA Assistant Vice President, Asset Management National Bank of Kuwait Capital Kuwait City, KUWAIT Based on the June 2011 CFA Program Candidate Survey. 8 9 Daniel Gamba, CFA New York, UNITED STATES Salvador Avila 10 CFA Institute Global Association of Investment Professionals World economies and markets depend on widespread trust. This responsibility†the trust bestowed on investment professionals†informs the core of the CFA Institute organizational mission: To lead the investment rofession globally by setting the highest standards of ethics, education, and professional excellence. CFA Institute is a global, not-for-profit organization comprising the worlds largest association of investment professionals. With more than 100,000 members and many regional societies around the world, CFA Institute is dedicated to developing and promoting the highest educa- tional, ethical, and professional standards in the investment industry. In addition to the CFA designation, the educational and career resources offered by CFA Institute include the Certificate in Investment Performance Measurement ([emailprotected]) designation. The organization is also a leading voice on global issues of fairness, market efficiency, and investor protection. CFA Institute and its predecessor organizations have been setting standards of excellence for the investment industry since 1947. I have several employees who are now in the process of pursuing the CFA charter and we support that at BlackRock: we fund the CFA Program for employees interested in the challenge of earning it. Managing Director Head, Latin America and Iberia Business BlackRock, Inc. 11 Every year we see more and more firms demand he CFA charter or significant progress in the CFA Program. For more information, visit www. cfainstitute. org or e-mail [emailprotected] org. Sam Levine, CFA Executive Recruiter The Buttonwood Group, LLC Michigan, UNITED STATES CHARLOTTESVILLE LONDON 560 Ray C. Hunt Drive Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2981 USA 800-247-8132 Phone (USA and CANADA) +1-434-951-5499 Phone (outside USA and CANADA) 7th Floor 131 Finsbury Pavement London EC2A INT, UNITED KINGDOM NEW YORK 477 Madison Avenue 21st floor New York, New York 10022 BRUSSELS Square de Mees 38/40 1000 Brussels, BELGIUM BUENOS AIRES Opening in 2012

Formation of Creative Personality Traits Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formation of Creative Personality Traits - Essay Example The factors which stimulate facilitate or hinder its development (Magno,2008, p.2.)The two main perspectives, upon which all the theories of formation of creative personality are based: mental and social. Secondly, as the name indicates, human is the centre and focus of this theory. Personality (chapter 10) writes that, "Ultimate value is placed on dignity of person." The main theories discussed in this chapter, regarding the formation of creative personality are: psychoanalysis, mental illness, psychotism, addiction and humanistic theories. I believe psychotism, addiction and mental illness theories are very narrow and constricted. Psychoanalytical viewpoint focuses more "importance to art in the expression of the unconscious mind" (Magno, 2008, p.4) and "view a person as fairly passive, as a reactor to his or her life circumstances rather than an active agent" (Dacey & Lennon,1998, p.137.) The major contrast of the theories is differing themes of self, health, development and consciousness gives much smaller role to the unconscious drives. I consider individual as an active agent, who has all the control over his life and decisions and he deliberately, consciously and cognitively engages himself to be creative to meet the daily errands. So, I decide that Humanistic approach to the formation of creative personality convinces me more than other theories. ... Carl Jung gave birth to this link of mental health and creativity. Magno (2008) also touched this point and quoted Rollo May and Diamond, who believed that "creativity had an important role in healing and establishing genuine meaning in life." (p. 6.) The idea has evolved immensely and now creativity is linked with the healthy status of mind and "emotional well being" of a person. (Simonton, 2000, p.151.) Simonton (2008) also argued that the "psychological weakness can sometimes be converted into a form of optimal functioning" (p. 153.) In humanistic psychology, "to create is associated with human nature" wrote Magno (2008, p.3) and I utterly agree to this viewpoint. Dacey & Lennon (1998) explained this view point at its best by writing that," people are able to make active choices as they construct their lives" and they have the control and right to choose. (p.137) Creativity is essential to living and that is why each of us, at some point, is creative. Magno (2008) wrote, "All events of life can involve creativity." (p.13.) To stimulate creativity, we need to full fill its demands. Maslow's needs of hierarchy, puts "self-actualization and aesthetic needs" as the basis of creativity. (p.137.) I believe, while agreeing with humanistic approach that creativity is an on going process and develops through out the life span. The humanists see this development of creativity as occurring throughout life (Dacey & Lennon, 1998, p.147.) On the contrary, Psychoanalytical school of thought believed that the initial years of life are critical, "at the end of which creative ability becomes fixed" (Dacey & Lennon, 1998, p.151.) This view opposes the psychoanalytic view and

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Economics - Essay Example In this case, the government may increase spending or reduce taxes or simultaneously adopt both measures to raise the aggregate effective demand. In this case, the government faces a budget deficit. Adopting an expansionary fiscal policy facing a situation of depressed economic activities reflected in lowered aggregate output levels and rising unemployment is the Keynesian prescription. Such policies are considered by governments during economic downturns. Contractionary Fiscal policy refers to a situation of raised taxes or lowered government spending or both in pursuit of curtailing the aggregate demand. Generally such policies are adopted to counter an inflationary situation fuelled by rising demand. Adoption of contractionary fiscal policies is considered during the upturns of the business cycles. An expansionary fiscal policy is illustrated in the diagram below using a standard IS-LM framework. As government spending rises with or without reduced taxes, the aggregate effective demand rises for all rates of interest and thus assuming sufficient unused productive capacities this implies a decline in unsold stocks leading to increased output for all rates of interest thereby leading to a rightward shift in the IS curve. As a result, the aggregate real output rises (Y1 to Y2) and so does the real rate of interest. The rise in rate of interest is caused by a rise in the government borrowings. However this rise in interest rates dampens the private inducements to invest. This is known as a crowding out effect as in essence private investments are crowded out by raised government borrowings (Mankiw, 2002). Thus, we see that while an expansionary fiscal policy may be successful in increasing the real aggregate national income and generating employment, it also leads to a decline in private investments which in turn reduce the effective demand. Thus, in the process of increasing borrowings to fund the excess spending or reducing taxes,

Nurse-to-patient Ratio Staffing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nurse-to-patient Ratio Staffing - Research Paper Example Legally mandated nurse to patient ratios is a controversial topic in healthcare. In this profession, there are state laws that require a certain level of staffing for each particular unit. Hospitals must balance their revenues with expenditures and patients and nurses are affected by these decisions. Mandating ratios is one attempt to ensure that a nurse workload does not exceed the needed level for adequate patient care (Conway, 2008). However, these essential ratios are not without consequences. Ratio advocates argue that fewer staffing levels are appropriate for patient care, better working conditions and higher rates of nurse retention. Those who oppose, claim that ratios will affect hospital budgets and reduce management flexibility in addressing patient’s needs.The paper will research the problem in both sides, having arguments opposed and in support of mandatory ratios. I will use survey data, interviews and original research to support both sides.Nurses have an integra l role in the systems of health care. State-mandated safe-staffing ratios will be important to ensure both patient and nurse safety. Adequate staffing is a way to nurse retention and patient care while lack of staffing can endanger patients and can pull the nurses away from their profession (ANA, 2011). However, staffing can also increase budgets and affect the management flexibility in dealing with patient's problems. Does the nurse to patient staffing ratios affect the hospital performance positively or negatively?

Decoding Apples Balance Sheet Apa Format Essay Example for Free

Decoding Apples Balance Sheet Apa Format Essay Decoding Apples Balance Sheet In March of 2009, Apple had its best March quarter revenue and earnings in Apple history (Apple). In order to see how this occurred, it is important to look over the financial statements of Apple. There is a lot of information available to investors who are interested in investing in a company. By looking specifically at the balance sheet of Apple I am going to determine if investing in Apple is a good idea or a bad idea. Some things I am going to consider are Apple’s assets, liabilities, and shareholder’s equity. These areas should give me insight to how the best quarter in Apple history came to be. Looking at the current assets of Apple, cash and cash equivalents went down from 11. 8 billion dollars to 4. 4 billion dollars. This may look bad at first, but all of the other assets must be added to this in order to get an overall picture of the assets. Short-term marketable securities went up from 10. 2 billion dollars to 20. 5 billion dollars. This helped Apple’s assets grow tremendously. Accounts receivable fell to 1. 9 billion dollars from 2. 4 billion dollars. With the rest of the current assets figured in, inventories, deferred tax assets, and other current assets, the total current assets rose to 33. billion dollars from 32. 3 billion dollars. That was a rise of 1. 5 billion dollars (Apple). It is important to take into account the rest of the assets. For example, long-term marketable securities rose 1. 5 billion dollars, property, plant and equipment rose 0. 91 billion dollars, goodwill stayed the same, acquired intangible assets fell 0. 017 billion dollars, and othe r assets rose 0. 56 billion dollars. Now that we know how each asset was affected during this quarter, we come to the final numbers, which are total assets rose 3. 6 billion dollars. Apple grew its assets substantially during this quarter. I would think Apple would be a good company to invest in. Before I made any decisions I would investigate the balance sheet further in order to compare liabilities and shareholder’s equity with the previous quarter. This will give me a better understanding of the financial situation of the company (Apple). Current liabilities are in the first section of liabilities and shareholder’s equity. The following accounts are current liabilities and how they fared. Accounts payable went down from 5. 5 billion dollars to 3. 9 billion dollars. Accrued expenses went down 1 billion dollars. Deferred revenue went up from 4. 8 billion dollars to 7 billion dollars. The total change in current liabilities was a decrease of 0. 4 billion dollars. The other two liabilities categories, deferred revenue (non-current) and other non-current liabilities, rose collectively 0. 7 billion dollars. This gives the total liabilities a rise of 0. 3 billion dollars. This amount compared to current assets is not as significant. So far Apple is still looking like a good investment because the assets of Apple rose 1. 5 billion dollars whereas their liabilities only rose 0. 4 billion dollars. It is now time to take a look at the final category of the balance sheet, the shareholder’s equity (Apple). The value of shareholders equity, common stock, rose from 7. 1 billion dollars to 7. 6 billion dollars. Retained earnings also rose; it rose from 13. 8 billion dollars to 16. 6 billion dollars. Accumulated other comprehensive income rose . 07 billion dollars. Total shareholder’s equity rose 3. 3 billion dollars. So adding together the rise of 0. 4 billion dollars in liabilities with the 3. 3 billion dollar rise of the shareholder’s equity, we get the same amount, 3. 7 billion dollars, as we got for the rise in total assets.

The Age of Reformation Essay -- essays research papers

The Age of Reformation The Age of Reformation - religious revolution in Western Europe in the 16th cent. Beginning as a reform movement within the Roman Catholic Church, the Reformation ultimately led to freedom of dissent. The preparation for the movement was long and there had been earlier calls for reform, e.g., by John WYCLIF and John HUSS. Desire for change within the church was increased by the RENAISSANCE, with its study of ancient texts and emphasis on the individual. Other factors that aided the movement were the invention of printing, the rise of commerce and a middle class, and political conflicts between German princes and the Holy Roman emperor. The Reformation began suddenly when Martin LUTHER posted 95 theses on the church door at Wittenberg on October 31, 1517. Open attack on the doctrines and authority of the church followed and led to Luther's breach with the church (1520), which the Diet of Worms (1521) failed to heal. His doctrine was of justification by faith alone instead of by sacram ents, good works, and meditation, and it placed a person in direct communication with God. Luther's insistence on reading the Bible placed on the individual a greater responsibility for his own salvation. The new church spread in Germany and Scandinavia, especially among princes and people who hoped for a greater degree of freedom. The conflict between the Lutherans and the Catholic Emperor CHARLES V was long and bitter. A temporary settlement was reached at the Peace of Augsburg (1555), but continued discord contributed later to the THIRTY YEARS WAR. Outside Germany, a different type of dissent developed under Huldreich ZWINGLI in Zurich, and within Protestantism differences arose, such as doctrinal arguments on the Lord's Supper. These were debated, inconclusively, at the Colloquy of Marburg (1529) by Luther and Philip MELANCHTHON on one side and Zwingli and Johannes Oecolampadius on the other. More radical ideas were spread, particularly among the lower classes, by such leaders a s CARLSTADT, Thomas MUNZER, and JOHN OF LEIDEN. In 1536 Geneva became the center for the teachings of John CALVIN, perhaps the greatest theologian of Protestantism. In France the HUGUENOTS, fired by Calvin's doctrine, resisted the Catholic majority in the Wars of RELIGION (1562-98). Calvinism superseded Lutheranism in the Netherlands, and it spread to Scotland through the eff... ...ermany and Switzerland, but his views, particularly about the TRINITY, were condemned by both Roman Catholics and Protestants. He fled to France, where he gained fame in medicine. After he had a work on theology secretly printed (1553), the INQUISITION moved against him. He escaped from prison, but he was seized in Geneva, on John Calvin’s order, and tried and burned there. Peace of Augsburg - September 1555- made the division of Christendom permanent. This agreement recognized a law that had already been well established and in practice: cuius regio, eius religio, meaning that the ruler of the land would determine the religion of the land. Mary I – ( r. 1553-1558) became Queen of England- procceded to restore Catholic doctrine and practice with a singlemindedness that rivaled that of her father. Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Theresa - Bernini (1598-1680) Italian sculptor and architect, the dominant figure of the Italian BAROQUE. His Roman works include the Churches of Santa Maria della Vittoria which houses his great sculpture the Ecstasy of St. Theresa. The "Black Legend" - (Bartolome de Las Casas) portrayed all Spanish treatment to Indians as unprincipled and inhumane.

Black Women in Sports: Sexuality and Athleticism Essay -- Expository E

Black Women in Sports: Sexuality and Athleticism Men and women who chose to engage in sports from which they would traditionally be discouraged because of their gender, particularly as professionals, redefine the sport. The social and cultural "costs" are not the result of the individual's participation, but rather the way in which sports have been socially, politically, and economically constructed. Gender is only one of the few ways in which people are categorized according to their proficiency for some athletic activities. Race and class are also factors which may prevent individuals from engaging in sports that have been traditionally excluded to them. Socially constructed notions of race, class, and sexuality compound the way in which the history of sports has developed. For example, black women athletes may be more accepted in certain sports than in others, i.e. black women in the WNBA might seem as less an anomaly for black women than for white women, and yet the success of the Williams sisters in tennis may seem more out of the ordinary for many Americans than the success of their white counterparts. Race, class, sex, and sexuality are the operative notions in which certain sports are less "traditional" for certain groups. Black women have a long history with such sports and track and field. Tuskegee Institute (later Tuskegee State University) led the nation as powerhouses for the production of Olympic competitors from the fifties to the seventies. Despite the relative lack of funding received by these schools as compared to white schools in Jim Crow Alabama, their track and field programs flourished. Perhaps this is because track and field did not require expensive equipment to train and play. While white schools... ...more free to develop their game plans rather than their outfits before the match, but hopefully their sexuality will not be completely submerged by the game either. In an article entitled, "Absent Anna Has Sexy Impact," it was noted, "Serena Williams has no problems with Kournikova's beauty bringing a tennis boost even if the subject herself cannot take a title....The majority of the credit pretty much goes to the Williams sisters and Kournikova. Those three have really made the biggest difference in the amount of publicity, the amount of popularity in the sport." Hopefully, there will come a time in women's sports when all women will be recognized for their superior athleticism, and the unique sexuality of each individual female athlete will be appreciated for how it transforms, challenges, and redefines the social, political, and intellectual dimensions of sport.

Edward Marshall Boehm, Inc Essay

Edward Marshall Boehm, Inc. is a company that produces unique and high quality porcelain products mainly focusing on birds, flowers, and wildlife. The objective of the company is to raise awareness of Mr. Boehm’s artist talent, create appreciation and protection for threatened and vanishing species. Meanwhile, Mr. Boehm wants to build a business that could make them wealthy. There are two main problems facing by the company. First, the process of making these porcelain products is complicated and required elaborate technical skills, the company does not have enough skilled staffs and producing power to meet the demand from the market. Second, the company lacks of enough distribution channels to raise awareness of its brand and the uniqueness of its products. At the current stage, the company has three series of porcelain in its product lines, which are priced from $100 to over $20,000. Each piece of porcelain sculpture requires a 52-step process. Some of products are sold out for years in advance, and it is difficult to anticipate which pieces might achieve this distinction. In addition, the company has only one distributor, Minton China, to distribute its products to some 175 retail outlets in the United States. The company can try to reduce costs by using other materials at a lower cost, developing a faster production process, but the bottom line is since the most competitive advantage of the company is the uniqueness and high quality of the product, the company should preserve its quality instead of using cheaper materials or faster production time that may violates the value of its products. In order to continue the business in the long run, the company should adapt the following changes. First, the company should hire more staffs and train them to produce the products in order to increase production of lower priced products. Meanwhile, it should find more distributors to raise awareness of the company, and supply them only with the lower priced products. Second, the company can open its own local stores that provide medium and high price range products. In addition, as for the most valuable piece, the company should put it on auctions that mainly focus on customers like museums and private collectors. Case 2 – Edward Marshall Boehm, Inc. 1. Analyze the firms goals and objectives Goal: Make the world aware of Mr. Boehm’s artistic talent, to help world wildlife causes by creating appreciation and protection for threatened species, and to build a continuing business that could make them comfortably wealthy, perhaps millionaires. No one goal has grater precedence over the others. Strategic objective: The case does not tell a lot about strategic objectives that are specific and cover a well-defined time frame. 2. Analyze the external environment The case does not talk a lot about the external environment, but it could be very useful for Boehm to make an analyze of the general environment (demographic, sociocultural, political/legal, technological, economic and global.). Also the competitive environment is very important. That kind of information will give them a better opportunity to make a good firm strategy. 3. Analyze the internal environment What is adding value to the firm?: The company’s big knowledge about have to make porcelain that is very technical as well as artistic challenge to make. 4. Assess the firms intellectual assets Human Capital: Edward Marshall Boehm is the man behind the porcelain. He has the knowledge to make it and the love to the nature which inspires him in his work. This and the special hard paste porcelain make the company unique and give the company a big competitive advantage. The company should be aware of not only having tacit knowledge where Edward Marshall Boehm have all the knowledge but instead share the knowledge in the company. 5. Analyze the business level strategy Competitive strategy: The company follows the competitive strategy called focus (differentiation) because they sell to a particular segment only and not the whole industry. They are also selling a unique product.

School Choice essays

School Choice essays School Choice: What Choice is there? Public schools are grossly inefficient, and are not adequately educating many of America's youths. Schools that are run independent from local government bureaucracy provide better education at lower cost. School choice would allow more students to attend better schools. School choice is a potent educational reform that is far more effective than increased spending. The fears of opponents of school choice are factually unfounded. School choice is necessary to improve American education. Through allowing more parental choice in education, school choice forces education into a free market environment. As it is now, parents send children to the nearest school, assigned to them by the school district. If a family is wealthy enough and chooses to do so, parents can send children to private schools. However, this family then pays twice for one education. They still pay their taxes, and they pay the tuition for the private school. Under a school choice plan, any parent who decides to send their child to a private school will receive a scholarship from the government, redeemable for tuition at scholarship accepting private schools. The scholarship dollar amount is far below that of the average cost per student per year at public schools, but would allow millions of parents who cannot presently afford private tuition to do so. If a school performed poorly, parents would choose to remove their children, and then send to them to better schools. If a school began losing all its students, and therefore all its funding, the school would desire to improve. Under the current system, government schools get your money whether they are doing a good job or not. Milton Friedman was one of the first people to propose a school choice plan. Since he did so over a quarter century ago, support has expanded rapidly. However, few plans for school choice have actually been enacted. The city of Milwaukee enacted a progr...

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography

Elizabeth Cady Stanton Biography Free Online Research Papers Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the most influential leaders of the Nineteenth Century Feminist movement, was one of the most famous women of her day and a seemingly tireless force in reform. Her very beginnings as a young girl growing up in Johnstown, New York contributed to this endless sense of determination. Fortunate to be born into an affluent political family, her horizons were forever broadened by the vast amount of subjects she was able to study independently in her family’s home and at a women’s seminary. Furthermore, her encounters with fugitive slaves and the Quaker movement forever changed her life. Even after her marriage to abolitionist Henry Stanton, and raising 7 children, she was still very much involved in the fight for the rights of not only women, but of slaves and of the poor. Her meeting with fellow suffragette Susan B. Anthony sealed her fate, and the two women became the best of friends and worked together closely for the next 50 years. The history of our country has, in part, been one of struggle to achieve justice and rights for all Americans. Stanton worked along with her fellow suffragettes to obtain justice and rights for women, not only in public life, but within the home is well. Interestingly enough, Stanton not only strove for equality for her gender but for the ending of slavery as well. Upon further reading, I found that many of the sympathetic abolitionists in Stanton’s day, were strangely enough, quite ignorant of the same injustices that women faced. Stanton wrote in her autobiography, â€Å"Eighty Years and More,† â€Å"It struck me as very remarkable that abolitionists, who felt so keenly the wrongs of the slave, should be so oblivious to the equal wrongs of their own mothers, wives, and sisters, when, according to the common law, both classes occupied a similar legal status.† These ‘wrongs’ covered more than not being allowed to vote. Women were limited in many aspects of their lives, including . They were not allowed to hold property in their name, obtain a divorce, could neither buy nor sell, no right to their own earnings, make contracts or own anything, and had no right to even their own children. In her writings and speeches, she even went as far as to compare the plight of the ‘Negro’ with that of the ‘woman† in her Address to the New York State Legislature in 1860. What interested me immensely is that Stanton pointed to the Bible as the primary source of the many injustices that her gender and African Americans faced. Ms. Stanton held that suffrage for women would be pointless if religion still controlled their sex in the home and in society. She wrote, â€Å"When women understand that governments and religions are human inventions; that bibles, prayer-books, catechisms, and encyclical letters are all emanations from the brains of man, they will no longer be oppressed by the injunctions that come to them with the divine authority of ‘Thus sayeth the Lord.’† Stanton found the Bible so archaic and irrelative to her time, that she and a group of other women went to the point of writing her own Bible, â€Å"The Woman’s Bible,† which of course, had the effect of starting a great controversy of sorts among her own supporters. She stated that both Paul and Jesus Christ, two of the main figures of the New Testament were both celibate and unmarried, and â€Å"condemned marriage by both precept and example.† Another aspect of Stanton’s views that piqued my interest and was is her implication that the ‘white male’ has been overburdened or more specifically, over ‘granted’ too many rights. I agree with her in the aspect that man should not be able to determine the fates of anyone but themselves. She also held true that woman as a gender had never asked or begged of man to represent them and hold control over their lives, and that women were indeed self-supplicant and could show evidence of such if given a chance. Though Stanton worked a very ‘behind the scenes role’ she was able to still play a vital role in the women’s rights movement, and penned many of the documents and writings that Anthony delivered. Stanton, along with others, was able to bring to fruition the first woman’s rights convention in the United States, co-authored the Declaration of Rights of the Women of the United States, but unfortunately, never lived to see her life’s mission fully achieved. The woman’s right to vote was instituted into this country’s constitution some 10 – 20 odd years after she passed away. However, her efforts were not in vain, and she is still seen as one of the most influential people in the long and weary road towards equal rights for women not0. only in the United States, but also all over the world. 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